Learn Python variables with this beginner-friendly guide. Understand variable naming rules, assignments, and operations with examples and exercises. Perfect for students and professionals starting their Python journey.
*args and **kwargs*args)These allow a function to take any number of positional arguments. Inside the function, *args collects all the positional arguments as a tuple.
Example:
def greet(*names):
for name in names:
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
greet("Ali", "Hamza", "Ahmad")
Output:
Hello, Ali!
Hello, Hamza!
Hello, Ahmad!
In this example, the greet function can take any number of names. The *names collects them into a tuple (names), which can be iterated over.
**kwargs)These allow a function to accept any number of keyword arguments (arguments passed as key-value pairs). Inside the function, **kwargs collects these as a dictionary.
Example:
def print_info(**info):
for key, value in info.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
print_info(name="Ali", age=25, city="Multan")
Output:
name: Ali
age: 25
city: Multan
In this case, the function accepts any number of keyword arguments and collects them into a dictionary (info), which you can then work with inside the function.
You can also use both *args and **kwargs in the same function to handle a combination of positional and keyword arguments.
Example:
def display_data(*args, **kwargs):
print("Positional arguments:", args)
print("Keyword arguments:", kwargs)
display_data(1, 2, 3, name="Ali", age=25)
Output:
Positional arguments: (1, 2, 3)
Keyword arguments: {'name': 'Ali', 'age': 25}
Key Points:
*args collects all positional arguments into a tuple.**kwargs collects all keyword arguments into a dictionary.*args and **kwargs together to handle any type of arguments passed to a function.