The `random` Module in Python

Learn how to use the Pandas module in Python for data analysis. Explore functions, examples, and best practices for efficient data manipulation.

The random module in Python is used to generate pseudo-random numbers for various probability distributions. It’s commonly used in games, simulations, testing, security, and any application that requires randomness.

Common Methods with Syntax and Examples

1. random.random()

Returns a random float number between 0.0 and 1.0 (excluding 1.0).

import random
print(random.random())
# Example output: 0.5488135039273248

2. random.randint(a, b)

Returns a random integer between a and b (inclusive).

print(random.randint(1, 10))
# Example output: 7

3. random.choice(sequence)

Returns a randomly selected element from a non-empty sequence.

colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue']
print(random.choice(colors))
# Example output: 'green'

4. random.shuffle(sequence)

Shuffles the elements of a sequence in place.

cards = ['Ace', 'King', 'Queen', 'Jack']
random.shuffle(cards)
print(cards)
# Example output: ['Queen', 'Ace', 'Jack', 'King']

5. random.uniform(a, b)

Returns a random float number between a and b.

print(random.uniform(1.5, 3.5))
# Example output: 2.783439510426392

6. random.sample(population, k)

Returns a k-length list of unique elements chosen from the population.

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(random.sample(numbers, 3))
# Example output: [5, 9, 2]

7. random.randrange(start, stop, step)

Returns a randomly selected element from range(start, stop, step).

print(random.randrange(0, 100, 5))
# Example output: 65 (which is in 0, 5, 10, ..., 95)

Real-Life Examples of the Random Module

1. Dice Rolling Simulator

import random

def roll_dice():
    return random.randint(1, 6)

print("You rolled:", roll_dice())

2. Password Generator

import random
import string

def generate_password(length=8):
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation
    return ''.join(random.choice(characters) for _ in range(length))

print("Your new password:", generate_password(12))

3. Lottery Number Picker

import random

def lottery_numbers(pool_size=49, numbers_to_pick=6):
    return random.sample(range(1, pool_size+1), numbers_to_pick)

print("Lottery numbers:", lottery_numbers())

4. Random Team Generator

import random

players = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'David', 'Eve', 'Frank']
random.shuffle(players)
team1 = players[:len(players)//2]
team2 = players[len(players)//2:]

print("Team 1:", team1)
print("Team 2:", team2)

5. Random Quiz Question Selector

import random

questions = [
    "What is the capital of France?",
    "Who painted the Mona Lisa?",
    "What is the largest planet in our solar system?",
    "In what year did World War II end?"
]

current_question = random.choice(questions)
print("Your question:", current_question)

6. Random Discount Generator

import random

def generate_discount():
    return f"{random.randint(5, 50)}% off"

print("Today's special offer:", generate_discount())

Remember that the random module generates pseudo-random numbers, which are sufficient for most applications but shouldn’t be used for cryptographic purposes (for that, use the secrets module in Python).

Multiple Choice (Select the best answer)

1. Assuming that the random module has already been imported. Identify the statement that will not lead to ValueError
   • A) random.randint(50,10)
   • B) random.randint(5.0,10.0)
   • C) random.randint(5.0,10.01)
   • D) random.randint(5.5,10.5)

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Exercises

Review Questions

References and Bibliography