Common Errors in Python /| Python for Beginners

Here are some common errors in Python, along with examples:

1. SyntaxError
   • Description: This occurs when the code is not written correctly according to the Python syntax.
   • Example:

     if True
         print("Hello")
     

   • Error Message: SyntaxError: invalid syntax
   • Explanation: The colon (:) is missing at the end of the if statement.
2. IndentationError
   • Description: Python relies on indentation to define the structure of code. If the indentation is incorrect, this error occurs.
   • Example:

     def my_function():
     print("Hello, World!")
     

   • Error Message: IndentationError: expected an indented block
   • Explanation: The print statement should be indented under the function definition.
3. NameError
   • Description: This occurs when a variable or function name is not defined.
   • Example:

     print(x)
     

   • Error Message: NameError: name 'x' is not defined
   • Explanation: The variable x is used before it is defined.
4. TypeError
   • Description: This occurs when an operation is applied to an object of inappropriate type.
   • Example:

     result = "Hello" + 5
     

   • Error Message: TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
   • Explanation: You cannot add a string and an integer directly.
5. IndexError
   • Description: This happens when you try to access an element in a list using an index that is out of range.
   • Example:

     my_list = [1, 2, 3]
     print(my_list[5])
     

   • Error Message: IndexError: list index out of range
   • Explanation: The list has only three elements, but you are trying to access the sixth element.

1. KeyError
   • Description: This occurs when you try to access a key in a dictionary that does not exist.
   • Example:

     my_dict = {"name": "Alice"}
     print(my_dict["age"])
     

   • Error Message: KeyError: 'age'
   • Explanation: The key 'age' does not exist in the dictionary.
2. AttributeError
   • Description: This happens when you try to access an attribute or method that doesn’t exist for a particular object.
   • Example:

     my_list = [1, 2, 3]
     my_list.append(4)
     my_list.push(5)
     

   • Error Message: AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'push'
   • Explanation: The push method does not exist for lists in Python; you should use append.
3. ValueError
   • Description: This occurs when a function receives an argument of the right type but an inappropriate value.
   • Example:

     int("Hello")
     

   • Error Message: ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'Hello'
   • Explanation: The string "Hello" cannot be converted to an integer.
4. ZeroDivisionError
   • Description: This happens when you attempt to divide a number by zero.
   • Example:

     result = 10 / 0
     

   • Error Message: ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
   • Explanation: Division by zero is undefined in mathematics.
5. ImportError
   • Description: This occurs when you try to import a module that doesn’t exist.
   • Example:

      import non_existent_module
     

   • Error Message: ImportError: No module named 'non_existent_module'
   • Explanation: The module you are trying to import does not exist.

Understanding these common errors can help you debug your code more efficiently. Each error comes with a message that can guide you toward fixing the issue.

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